Peter Reich publications

Aber, J.D., P.B. Reich, M.L. Goulden. 1996. Extrapolating leaf CO2 exchange to the canopy: a generalized model of forest photosynthesis compared with measurements by eddy correlation. (.pdf) Oecologia 106:267-275.

Aber, J.D., S.V. Ollinger, C.A. Federer, P.B. Reich, M.L. Goulden, D.W. Kicklighter, J.M. Melillo, R.G. Lathrop, Jr. 1995. Predicting the effects of climate change on water yield and forest production in the northeastern U.S. (.pdf) Climate Research 5:207-222.

Ackerly, D., P.B. Reich. 1999. Convergence and correlations among leaf size and function: a comparative test using independent contrasts. (.pdf) American Journal of Botany 86:1272-1281.

Amundson, R.G., R.J. Kohut, A.W. Schoettle, R.M. Raba, P.B. Reich. 1987. Correlative reduction in whole-plant photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat caused by ozone. (.pdf) Phytopathology 77:75-79.

Avis, P.G., D.J. McLaughlin, B.C. Dentinger, P.B. Reich. 2003. Long-term increase in nitrogen supply alters above- and below-ground ectomycorrhizal communities and increases the dominance of Russula spp. in temperate oak savanna. (.pdf) New Phytologist 160:239–253.

Bolstad, P.V., Reich, P., Lee, T. 2003. Rapid temperature acclimation of leaf respiration rates in Quercus alba and Quercus rubra. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 23:969-976.

Boyden, S.B., P.B. Reich, K. J. Puettmann, T.R. Baker. 2009. Effects of density and ontogeny on size and growth ranks of three competing tree species. (.pdf) Journal of Ecology 97:277-288.

Castro, J., P.B. Reich, A. Sanchez-Miranda, J.D. Guerrero. 2008. Evidence that the negative relationship between seed mass and RGR is not a physiological effect but a trait linked to species identity: a within family analysis in Scots pine. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 28:1077-1082.

Chapman, K., P.B. Reich. 2007.  Land use and habitat gradients determine bird community diversity and abundance in suburban, rural, and reserve landscapes of Minnesota, USA.  (.pdf) Biological Conservation 135:543-557.

Chung, H., D. Zak, P.B. Reich, D.S. Ellsworth. 2007. Plant species richness, elevated CO2, and atmospheric N deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function. (.pdf) Global Change Biology13:980–989.

Cornett, M.W., L.E. Frelich, K.J. Puettmann, P.B. Reich.  2000. Conservation implications of browsing by Odocoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests. Biological Conservation 93:359-369.

Cornett, M., L. Frelich, K. Puettmann, P. Reich.  2001.  Comparing the importance of seedbed and canopy type in the restoration of upland Thuja occidentalis forests of northeastern Minnesota.  Restoration Ecology 9:386-396.

Cornett, M., P.B. Reich, K. Puettmann, L.E. Frelich.  2000. Seedbed and moisture availability determine safe sites for early Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) regeneration. (.pdf) American J Botany 87:1807-1814.

Cornett, M.W., K.J. Puettmann, P.B. Reich.  1998. Canopy type, forest floor, predation, and competition influence conifer seedling emergence and early survival in two Minnesota conifer-deciduous forests. (.pdf) Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28:196-205.
 
Cornett, M.W., P.B. Reich, K.J. Puettmann.  1997.  Canopy feedbacks and microtopography regulate conifer seedling distribution in two Minnesota conifer-deciduous forests. Ecoscience 4:353-364.

Craine, J.M., Elmore A.J., Aidar M.P.M., Bustamante M., Dawson T.E., Hobbie E.A., Kahmen A., Mack M.C., McLauchlan K.K., Michelsen A., Nardoto G.B., Pardo L.H., Peñuelas J., Reich P.B., Schuur E.A.G., Stock W.D., Templer P.H., Virginia R.A.,Welker J.M., Wright I.J. 2009. Global patterns of foliar nitrogen isotopes and their relationships with climate, mycorrhizal fungi, foliar nutrient concentrations, and nitrogen availability. (.pdf) New Phytologist 183(4):980-992.

Craine, J., D. Berin, P.B. Reich, J. Knops, D. Tilman. 1999. Measurement of leaf longevity of 14 species of grasses and forbs using a novel approach. (.pdf) New Phytologist 142:475-481.

Craine, J., D. Tilman, D. Wedin, P. Reich, M. Tjoelker, J. Knops. 2002. Functional traits, productivity and effects on nitrogen cycling of 33 grassland species. (.pdf) Functional Ecology 16:563-574.

Craine, J.M, D.A. Wedin, F.S. Chapin, P.B. Reich. 2002. Relationship between the structure of root systems and resource use for 11 North American grassland plants. (.pdf) Plant Ecology 165:85-100.

Craine, J.M, P.B. Reich, D.G. Tilman, D. Ellsworth, D. Wedin, J. Fargione, J. Knops, S. Naeem. 2003. The role of plant species in biomass production and response to elevated CO2 and N. (.pdf) Ecology Letters 6:623-630.

Craine, J.M., D.A. Wedin, P.B. Reich. 2001. Grassland species effects on soil CO2 flux track the effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen. (.pdf) New Phytologist 150:425-434.

Craine, J.M., D.A. Wedin, P.B. Reich. 2001. The response of soil CO2 flux to changes in atmospheric CO2, nitrogen supply, and plant diversity. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 7:947-953.

Craine, J.M., P.B. Reich. 2001. Elevated CO2 and nitrogen supply alter leaf longevity of grassland species. (.pdf) New Phytologist 150:397-404.

Craine, J.M., P.B. Reich. 2005. Leaf-level light compensation points in shade-tolerant woody species. (pdf) New Phytologist 166:710-713.

Dauer, J.M., J. Chorover, O.A. Chadwick, J. Oleksyn, M.G. Tjoelker, S.E. Hobbie, P.B. Reich, D.M. Eissenstat. 2007. Controls over leaf and litter calcium concentrations among temperate trees. (.pdf) Biogeochemistry 86:175-187.

Davis, M.A., D. Tilman, S. Hobbie, C.L. Lehman, P.B. Reich, J.M.H. Knops, S. Naeem, M.E. Ritchie, D.A. Wedin. 2001. Public access and use of electronically archived data: Ethical considerations. (pdf) Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 82:90-91.

Davis, M.A., D.W. Peterson, P.B. Reich, M. Crozier, T. Query, E. Mitchell, J. Huntington. 2000.  Restoring savanna using fire: impact on the breeding bird community. (.pdf) Restoration Ecology 8:30-40.

Davis, M.A., K.J. Wrage, P.B. Reich, M.G. Tjoelker, T. Schaeffer, C. Muermann. 1999. Survival, growth and photosynthesis of tree seedlings competing with herbaceous vegetation along a water-light-nitrogen gradient. (.pdf) Plant Ecology 145:341-350.

Davis, M.A., K.J. Wrage, P.B. Reich. 1998. Competition between tree seedlings and herbaceous vegetation: support for a theory of resource supply and demand. (.pdf) Journal of Ecology 86:652-661.

Dickie, I.A., R.A. Montgomery, P.B. Reich, S.A. Schnitzer. 2007. Physiological and phenological responses of oak seedlings to oak forest soil in the absence of trees. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 27:133-140.

Dickie, I.A., J. Oleksyn, P.B. Reich, P. Karolewski, R. Zytkowiak, E. Turzanska, A.M. Jagodzinski. 2006. Soil modification by different tree species influences the extent of seedling ectomycorrhizal infection. (.pdf) Mycorrhiza 16(2):73-79.

Dickie, I.A., R.C. Guza, S.E. Krazewski, P.B. Reich. 2004. Shared ectomycorrhizal fungi between an herbaceous perennial (Helianthemum bicknellii) and oak (Quercus) seedlings. (.pdf) New Phytologist 164:375-382.

Dickie, I.A., P.B. Reich. 2005. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities at forest edges. (pdf) Journal of Ecology 93:244-255.

Dickie, I.A., S.A. Schnitzer, P.B. Reich, S. Hobbie. 2005. Spatially disjunct effects of co-occurring competition and facilitation. (.pdf) Ecology Letters 8:1191-1200.

Dickie, I.A., S.A. Schnitzer, P.B. Reich, S. Hobbie. 2007. Is oak establishment in old-fields and savanna openings context dependent? (.pdf) Journal of Ecology 95:309-320.

Dijkstra F.A., S.E. Hobbie, P.B. Reich. 2006. Soil processes affected by 16 grassland species grown under different environmental conditions. (.pdf) Soil Science Society of America Journal 70:770-777.

Dijkstra, F., S. Hobbie, P. Reich, J. Knops. 2004. Nitrogen deposition and plant species interact to influence soil carbon stabilization. (.pdf) Ecology Letters 7:1192-1198.

Dijkstra, F.A., S.E. Hobbie, P.B. Reich, J.M.H. Knops. 2005. Divergent effects of elevated CO2, N fertilization, and plant diversity on soil C and N dynamics in a grassland field experiment. (.pdf) Plant and Soil 272:41-52.

Dijkstra, F.A., J.B. West, S.E. Hobbie, P.B. Reich, J. Trost. 2007.  Plant diversity, CO2 and N influence inorganic and organic N leaching in grasslands. (.pdf) Ecology88(2):490–500.

Dijkstra, F.S, K Wrage, S.E. Hobbie, P.B. Reich. 2006. Tree patches show greater N losses but maintain higher soil N availability than grassland patches in a frequently burned oak savanna. (.pdf) Ecosystems 9(3):441-452.

Dovciak, M, L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2005.  Pathways in old-field succession to white pine: seed rain, shade, and climate effects. (.pdf) Ecological Monographs 75:363-378.

Dovciak, M., Frelich, L.E., Reich, P.B. 2001. Discordance in spatial patterns of white pine (Pinus strobus) size-classes in a patchy near-boreal forest. (.pdf) Journal of Ecology 89:280-291.

Dovciak, M., Reich, P.B., Frelich, L.E. 2003. Seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation, and soil resources spatially structure white pine (Pinus strobus L.) regeneration and recruitment. (.pdf) Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:1892-1904.

Ellsworth, D.S., P.B. Reich, E.S. Naumburg, G.W. Koch, M. Kubiske, S. Smith. 2004.  Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO2 across four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and dese(.pdf) Global Change Biology 10:2121-2138.

Fargione, J.E., D. Tilman, R. Dybzinski, J. HilleRisLambers, C. Clark, W.S. Harpole, J.M.H. Knops, P.B. Reich, M. Loreau. 2007. From selection to complementarity: shifts in the causes of biodiversity productivity relationships in a long-term biodiversity experiment(.pdf) Proceedings Royal Society B: Biological Science 274:871-876.

Frelich, L.E., P.B. Reich. 2009. Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie-forest border of central North America?
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (.pdf) DOI: 10.1890/080191

Frelich, L.E., P.B. Reich. 2009. Wilderness conservation in an era of global warming and invasive species: a case study from Minnesota’s Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. (.pdf) Natural Areas Journal 29(4):385-393.

Frelich, L.E., C.M. Hale, S. Scheu, A. Holdsworth, L. Heneghan, P.J. Bohlen, P.B. Reich. 2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests. (.pdf) Biological invasions 8(6):1235-1245.

Frelich, L.E., Reich, P.B. 1995. Neighborhood effects, disturbance, and succession in forests of the western Great Lakes region. Ecoscience 2:148-158.

Frelich, L.E., Reich, P.B. 1999. Neighborhood effects, disturbance severity, and community stability in forests. (.pdf) Ecosystems 2:151-166.   

Frelich, L. E., Reich, P.B. 2002. Dynamics of old-growth oak forests in the Eastern United States. Pages 113-126, In, W. J. McShea and W. M. Healy, Eds., Oak Forest Ecosystems: Ecology and Management for Wildlife. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
 
Friedman, S.K., P.B. Reich. 2005. Regional Legacies of Logging: Departure from Presettlement Forest Conditions in Northern Minnesota. (.pdf) Ecological Applications 15:726-744.

Gerlach, J., P.B. Reich, K. Puettmann, T. Baker. 1997.   Species, diversity, and density affect tree seedling mortality from Armillaria root rot. (.pdf) Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27:1509-1512.

Hale, C., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, J. Pastor. 2008. Exotic earthworm effects on hardwood forest floor, soils and native plants: a mesocosm study. (.pdf) Oecologia 155(3):509-518.

Hale, C.M., Frelich L.E., Reich P.B. 2005.  Exotic European earthworm invasion dynamics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. (.pdf) Ecological Applications 15:848-860.

Hale, C.M., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, J. Pastor. 2005. Effects of European earthworm invasion on soil characteristics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. (.pdf) Ecosystems 8(8):911-927.

Hale, C.M., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2004. Allometric equations for estimation of ash-free dry mass from length measurements for selected European earthworm species (Lumbricidae) in the western Great Lakes region. (.pdf) American Midland Naturalist 151(1):179-185.

HilleRisLambers, J., W.S. Harpole, S.A. Schnitzer, D. Tilman, P.B. Reich. 2009. CO2, nitrogen, and diversity differentially affect seed production of prairie plants.  (.pdf) Ecology 90(7): 1810-1820.

Hobbie, S.E., M. Ogdahl, J. Chorover, O.A. Chadwick, J. Oleksyn, R. Zytkoviak, P.B. Reich. 2007. Tree species effects on soil organic matter dynamics: the role of soil cation composition. (.pdf) Ecosystems 10:999-1018.

Hockman, E., T. Lee, P. Reich. 2004. The effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide on photosynthesis and water use efficiency across 13 prairie species. UW-Eau Claire Student Research Day. April 26, 2004.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2007. Regional extent of an ecosystem engineer: earthworm invasion in northern hardwood forests. (.pdf) Ecological Applications 17:1666–1677.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2007. Effects of earthworm invasion on plant species richness in northern hardwood forests. (.pdf) Conservation Biology 21(4):997-1008.

Johansson, P., Reich, P.B. 2005. Population size and fire intensity determine post-fire abundance in grassland lichens. (.pdf) Applied Vegetation Science 8:193-198.

Knight, K., J. Oleksyn, A.M. Jagodzinski, P.B. Reich, M. Kasprowicz. 2008. Overstorey tree species regulate colonization by native and exotic plants: a source of positive relationships between understorey diversity and invasibility. (.pdf) Diversity and Distributions 14:666-675.

Knight, K., P.B. Reich. 2005. Opposite relationships between invasibility and native species richness at patch versus landscape scales. (.pdf) Oikos 109:81-88.

Knight, K.S., J. Kurylo , T. Endress, R. Stewart , P.B. Reich. 2007. Ecology and Ecosystem Impacts of Rhamnus cathartica: A Review. (.pdf) Biological Invasions 9(8): 925-937.

Knops, H.M.K., S. Naeem, P.B. Reich. 2007. The impact of elevated CO2, increased nitrogen availability and biodiversity on plant tissue quality and decomposition. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 13:1960-1971.

Knops, J., D.Tilman, N.M. Haddad, S. Naeem, C.E. Mitchell, J. Haarstad, M.E. Ritchie, K.M. Howe, P.B. Reich, E. Siemann, J. Groth. 1999. Effects of plant species richness on invasion dynamics, disease outbreaks and insect abundance and diversity. (.pdf) Ecology Letters 2:286-293.

Kruger E.L., P.B. Reich. 1997a. Responses of hardwood regeneration to fire in mesic forest openings.  I. Post-fire community dynamics. (.pdf) Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27:1822-1831.

Kruger E.L., P.B. Reich. 1997b. Responses of hardwood regeneration to fire in mesic forest openings. II. Leaf gas exchange, nitrogen concentration, and water status. (.pdf) Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27:1832-1840.

Kruger E.L., P.B. Reich. 1997c.  Responses of hardwood regeneration to fire in mesic forest openings. III. Whole-plant growth, biomass distribution and nitrogen and carbohydrate relations. (.pdf) Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27:1841-1850.

Lau, J., R. Shaw, P.B. Reich, F.H. Shaw, P. Tiffin. 2007. Strong ecological but weak evolutionary effects of CO2 on a recombinant inbred population of Arabidopsis thaliana (.pdf) New Phytologist 175:351-362.

Lau, J.A., J. Strengbom, L.R. Stone, P.B. Reich, P. Tiffin. 2008. Direct and indirect effects of CO2, nitrogen, and community diversity on plant–enemy interactions. (.pdf) Ecology 89:226–236.

Lee, T.D, M.G. Tjoelker, D.S. Ellsworth, P.B. Reich.  2001. Leaf gas exchange responses of 13 prairie grassland species to elevated CO2 and increased nitrogen supply. (.pdf) New Phytologist 150:405-418.

Lee, T.D, P.B. Reich, M.G. Tjoelker. 2003. Legume presence increases photosynthesis and N concentrations of co-occurring non-fixers but does not modulate their responsiveness to carbon dioxide enrichment. (.pdf) Oecologia 137:22-31.

Lee, T.D., Bolstad, P.V., Reich, P.B. 2005. Acclimation of leaf respiration to temperature is rapid and related to SLA, soluble sugars and leaf N across three temperate deciduous tree species. (.pdf) Functional Ecology 19:640-647.

Lee, T.D., M.G. Tjoelker, M.P. Russelle, P.B. Reich. 2003. Contrasting response of an N-fixing and non N-fixing forb to elevated CO2: dependence on soil N supply. (.pdf) Plant and Soil 255:475-486. 

Losek, L., T. Lee, and P. Reich. 2004. Contrasting C3 and C4 prairie species response to atmospheric CO2 over a growing season. UW-Eau Claire Student Research Day. April 26, 2004.

Lusk, C.*, P.B. Reich*, R. Montgomery, D. Ackerly, J. Cavender-Bares. 2008.  Why are evergreens so contrary about shade? (.pdf) Trends Ecology Evolution 23(6):299-303.  [first two authors contributed equally to the paper]

Lusk, C.H., Wright, I., Reich, P.B. 2003. Photosynthetic differences contribute to competitive advantage of evergreen angiosperm trees over evergreen conifers in productive habitats. (.pdf) New Phytologist 160(2):329-336.

Machado, J.-L., P.B. Reich. 1999. Evaluation of several measures of canopy openness as predictors of photosynthetic photon flux density in deeply shaded conifer-dominated forest understory. (.pdf) Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1438–1444.

Machado, J.-L., M.B. Walters, P.B. Reich.  2003. Below-ground resources limit seedling growth in forest understories but do not alter biomass distribution. (.pdf) Ann. Forest Science 60:319-330.

Makarieva, A.M., V.G. Gorshkov, B.-L. Li, S. L. Chown, P.B. Reich, V.M. Gavrilove. 2008. Mean mass-specific metabolic rates are strikingly similar across life’s major domains: Evidence for life’s metabolic optimum. (.pdf) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105:16994–16999.

McMurtrie, R., R.J. Norby, B.E. Medlyn, R.C. Dewar, D.A. Pepper, P.B. Reich, C. V. M. Barton. 2008. Why is plant-growth response to elevated CO2 amplified when water is limiting but reduced when nitrogen is limiting? A growth-optimisation hypothesis. (.pdf) Functional Plant Biology 35:521-534.

Milla, R., Gimenez-Benavides, L., Escudero, A., Reich, P.B. 2009. Intra- and interspecific performance in growth and reproduction increase with altitude: a case study with two Saxifraga species from northern Spain.(.pdf) Functional Ecology 23(1): 111-118.

Milla R., P.B. Reich, Ü. Niinemets, P. Castro-Díez. 2008. Environmental and developmental controls on specific leaf area are little modified by leaf allometry. (.pdf) Functional Ecology 22(3):565–576.

Milla, R., P.B. Reich. 2007. The scaling of leaf area and mass: the cost of light interception increases with leaf size. (.pdf) Proceedings of the Royal Society Bull.

Mitchell, C.E., Reich, P.B., Tilman, D., Groth, J.V. 2003. Effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen deposition, and decreased species diversity on foliar fungal plant disease. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 9:438-451.

Niklas, K. J., E. D. Cobb, U. Niinemets, P.B. Reich, A. Sellin, B. Shipley, I. J. Wright. 2007. ‘‘Diminishing returns’’ in the scaling of functional leaf traits across and within species groups. (.pdf) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:8891-8896.

Niklas, K.J., T. Owens, P.B. Reich, E.D. Cobb. 2005. Nitrogen/Phosphorous leaf stoichiometry and the scaling of plant growth. (.pdf)  Ecology Letters 8:636-642.

Norris, M.D., P.B. Reich. 2009. Modest enhancement of nitrogen conservation via retranslocation in response to gradients in N supply and leaf N status. (.pdf) Plant and Soil 316:193-204.

Novotny, A., J. D. Schade, S. E. Hobbie, A. D. Kay, M. Kyle, P. B. Reich, and J. J. Elser. 2007. Stoichiometric response to nitrogen-fixing and non-fixing dicots to manipulations of CO2, nitrogen, and diversity. (.pdf) Oecologia 151:687-696.

Olabisi, L.S., Reich P.B., Johnson K.A., Kapuscinski A.R., Su S.H., Wilson E.J. 2009. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions for climate stabilization: framing regional options. (.pdf) Environmental Science & Technology  43(6):1696-703.

Oleksyn, J., B.D. Kloeppel, S. Lukasiewicz, P. Karolewski, P.B. Reich. 2007. Ecophysiology of Aesculus hippocastanum in degraded and restored urban sites. (.pdf) Polish Journal of Ecology 55:245-260.

Oleksyn, J., J. Modrzynski, M.G. Tjoelker, R. Zytkowiak, P.B. Reich, P. Karolewski. 1998. Growth and physiology of Picea abies populations from elevational transects: common garden evidence for altitudinal ecotypes and cold adaptation. (.pdf) Functional Ecology 12:573-590.

Oleksyn, J., M.G. Tjoelker, P.B. Reich. 1998. Adaptation to changing environment in Scots pine populations across a latitudinal gradient. (.pdf) Silva Fennica 32:129-140.

Oleksyn, J., P.B. Reich, L. Rachwal, M.G. Tjoelker, P. Karolewski. 2000. Variation in aboveground net primary production of diverse Pinus sylvestris populations. (.pdf) Trees 14:415-421.

Oleksyn, J., P.B. Reich, W. Chalupka, M.G. Tjoelker. 1999. Differential above- and below-ground biomass accumulation of European Pinus sylvestris populations in a 12-year-old provenance experiment. (.pdf) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 14:7-17.

Oleksyn, J., R. Zytkowiak, P. Karolewski, P.B. Reich, M.G. Tjoelker. 2000. Genetic and environmental control of seasonal carbohydrate dynamics in trees of diverse Pinus sylvestris populations. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 20:837-847.

Ollinger, S.V., J.D. Aber, P.B. Reich, R.J. Freuder. 2002. Interactive effects of nitrogen deposition, tropospheric ozone, elevated CO2 and land use history on the carbon dynamics of northern hardwood forests. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 8:545-562.

Ollinger, S., A. Richardson, M. Martin, D. Hollinger, S Frolking, P. Reich, L. Plourde, G. Katul, J. Munger, R. Orend, M.-L. Smith, K. Paw U, P. Bolstad, B. Cook, M. Day, T. Martin, R. Monson, H. Schmid. 2008. Canopy nitrogen, carbon assimilation, and albedo in temperate and boreal forests: Functional relations and potential climate feedbacks. (.pdf) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105(49):19336-41.

Ollinger, S.V., J.D. Aber, P.B. Reich. 1997. Simulating ozone effects on forest productivity: interactions among leaf-, canopy-, and stand-level processes. (.pdf) Ecological Applications 7:1237-1251.

Ordoñez, J.C., P.M. van Bodegom, J-P.M. Witte, I.J. Wright, P.B. Reich, R. Aerts. 2009. A global study of relationships between leaf traits, climate and soil measures of nutrient fertility. (.pdf) Global Ecology and Biogeography. 18(2):137-149.

Peterson, A.G., J.T. Ball, Y. Luo, C.B. Field, P.B. Reich, P.S. Curtis, K.L. Griffin, C.A. Gunderson, R.J. Norby, D.T. Tissue, M. Forstreuter, A. Rey, C.S. Vogel, and CMEAL participants. 1999. The photosynthesis-leaf nitrogen relationship at ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: a meta-analysis. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 5:331-346.

Peterson, D, P.B. Reich, K. Wrage, D. Wedin.  2007.  Plant functional group responses to fire frequency and tree canopy cover gradients in oak savannas and woodlands. (.pdf) Journal of Vegetation Science 18:3-12.

Peterson, D., P.B. Reich. 2008. Fire frequency and tree canopy structure influence plant species diversity in a forest-grassland ecotone. (.pdf) Plant Ecology 194:5-16.

Peterson, D., P.B. Reich. 2001. Prescribed fire in oak savanna: fire frequency effects on stand structure and dynamics. (.pdf) Ecological Applications 11:914-927.

Potvin, C., F.S. Chapin, A. Gonzalez, P. Leadley, P. Reich, J. Roy. 2007.  Plant biodiversity and responses to elevated carbon dioxide.  In: Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World. pp. 125-134, Canadell J.G., Pataki D., Pitelka L. (eds.) The IGBP Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 336 pp.

Przybył, K., P. Karolewski, J. Oleksyn, A. Labędzki, P.B. Reich. 2008.  Fungal diversity of Norway spruce litter: effects of site conditions and premature leaf fall caused by bark beetle outbreak. (.pdf) Microbial Ecology 56:332-340.

Reich, P.B., Falster D.S., Ellsworth D.S., Wright I.J., Westoby M., Oleksyn J., Lee T.D. 2009. Controls on declining carbon balance with leaf age among 10 woody species in Australian woodland: do leaves have zero net carbon balances when they die? (.pdf) New Phytologist DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02824.x

Reich, P.B., J. Oleksyn, I.J. Wright. 2009. Leaf phosphorus influences the photosynthesis-nitrogen relation: a cross-biome analysis of 314 species. (.pdf) Oecologia DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1291-3

Reich, P.B., J. Oleksyn. 2008a. Climate warming will reduce growth and survival of Scots pine except in the far north. (.pdf) Ecology Letters 11(6):588-597.

Reich, P.B., M.G. Tjoelker, K.S. Pregitzer, I.J. Wright, J. Oleksyn, J.L. Machado.  2008b. Scaling of Respiration to Nitrogen in Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Higher Land Plant.(.pdf) Ecology Letters 173(1): 110-120.

Reich P.B., Walters M.B., Ellsworth D.S. 1997. From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning. (.pdf) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 94:13730-13734.

Reich, P., I. Wright, J. Cavender-Bares, J.M. Craine, J. Oleksyn, M. Westoby, M.B. Walters. 2003. The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra and strategies. (.pdf) International Journal of Plant Sciences 164(3): S143–S164.

Reich, P.B., I.J. Wright, C.H. Lusk. 2007. Predicting leaf physiology from simple plant and climate attributes: a global GLOPNET analysis. (.pdf) Ecological Applications 17:1982-1988.

Reich, P.B. 1987. Quantifying plant response to ozone: a unifying theory. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 3:63-91.

Reich, P.B. 2000. Do tall trees scale physiological heights? (.pdf) Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:41-42.

Reich, P.B. 2001. Body size, geometry, longevity and metabolism: do plant leaves behave like animal bodies? (.pdf) Trends Ecology Evolution 16:674-680.

Reich, P.B. 2002. Root-Shoot Relationships: Optimality in Acclimation and Allocation or the "Emperor's New Clothes"? (.pdf) In Plant Roots: the Hidden Half, Chapter 12, (eds. Y. Waisel, A. Eshel, U. Kafkafi), Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. Pp. 205-220.

Reich, P.B. 2005. Global biogeography of plant chemistry: filling in the blanks. (.pdf) New Phytologist 168:263-266.

Reich, P.B., A.W. Schoettle, R. Raba, R.G. Amundson. 1986. Response of soybean to low concentrations of ozone:  I. Reductions in leaf and whole plant net photosynthesis and leaf chlorophyll content. (.pdf) Journal of Environmental Quality 15:31-36.

Reich, P.B., B.D. Kloeppel, D.S. Ellsworth, M.B. Walters. 1995. Different photosynthesis-nitrogen relations in deciduous hardwood and evergreen coniferous tree species. (.pdf) Oecologia 104:24-30.

Reich, P.B., C. Buschena, M.G. Tjoelker, K. Wrage, J. Knops, D. Tilman, J.L. Machado. 2003. Variation in growth rate and ecophysiology among 34 grassland and savanna species under contrasting N supply: a test of functional differences. (.pdf) New Phytologist 157:617-631.

Reich, P.B., D. Tilman, J. Craine, D. Ellsworth, M.G. Tjoelker, J. Knops, D. Wedin, S. Naeem, D. Bahauddin, J. Goth, W. Bengston, T.D. Lee.  2001. Do species and functional groups differ in acquisition and use of C, N and water under varying atmospheric CO2 and N availability regimes?  A field test with 16 grassland species. (.pdf) New Phytologist 150:435-448.

Reich, P.B., D. Tilman, S. Naeem, D. Ellsworth, J. Knops, J. Craine, D. Wedin, J. Trost. 2004. Species and functional diversity independently influence biomass accumulation and its response to CO2 and N. (.pdf) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101:10101-10106.

Reich, P.B., M.G. Tjoelker, J.L. Machado, J. Oleksyn.  2007. Biological Scaling: Does the Exception Prove the Rule? (Reply). (.pdf) Nature 445 (7127):E10-E11.

Reich, P.B., D. Turner, P. Bolstad. 1999. An approach to spatially-distributed modeling of net primary production (NPP) at the landscape scale and its application in validation of EOS NPP products. (.pdf) Remote Sensing of Environment 70:69-81.

Reich, P.B., D.A. Peterson, K. Wrage, D. Wedin. 2001. Fire and vegetation effects on productivity and nitrogen cycling across a forest-grassland continuum. (.pdf) Ecology 82:1703-1719.

Reich, P.B., D.F. Grigal, J.D. Aber, S.T. Gower. 1997. Nitrogen mineralization and productivity in 50 hardwood and conifer stands on diverse soils. (.pdf) Ecology78:335-347.

Reich, P.B., D.S. Ellsworth, B.D. Kloeppel, J. Fownes, S.T. Gower. 1990. Vertical variation in canopy structure and CO2 exchange of oak-maple forests: influence of ozone, nitrogen and other factors on simulated canopy carbon gain. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 7:329-345.

Reich, P.B., D.S. Ellsworth, M. B. Walters, J. Vose, C. Gresham, J. Volin, W. Bowman. 1999. Generality of leaf traits relationships: a test across six biomes. (.pdf) Ecology 80:1955-1969.

Reich, P.B., D.S. Ellsworth, M.B. Walters. 1991. Leaf age and season influence the relationships between leaf nitrogen, leaf mass per area, and photosynthesis in maple and oak trees. (.pdf) Plant, Cell and Environment 14:251-259.

Reich, P.B., D.S. Ellsworth, M.B. Walters. 1998. Leaf structure (specific leaf area) regulates photosynthesis-nitrogen relations: evidence from within and across species and functional groups. (.pdf) Functional Ecology 12:948-958.

Reich, P.B., J. Knops,  D. Tilman, J. Craine, D. Ellsworth, M. Tjoelker, T. Lee, S. Naeem, D. Wedin, D. Bahauddin, G. Hendrey, S Jose. K. Wrage, J. Goth, W. Bengston.  2001. Plant diversity enhances ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition. (.pdf) Nature 410:809-812.

Reich, P.B., J. Oleksyn, J. Modrzynski, M.G. Tjoelker. 1996. Evidence that longer needle retention of spruce and pine populations at high elevations and high latitudes is largely a phenotypic response. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 16:643-647.

Reich, P.B., J. Oleksyn, J. Modrzynski, P. Mrozinski, S.E. Hobbie, D.M. Eissenstat, J. Chorover, O.A. Chadwick, C.M. Hale, M.G. Tjoelker. 2005. Linking litter calcium, earthworms, and soil properties: a common garden test with 14 tree species. (.pdf) Ecology Letters 8:811-818.

Reich, P.B., J. Oleksyn, M.G. Tjoelker. 1996. Needle respiration and nitrogen concentration in Scots pine populations from a broad latitudinal range: a common garden test with field-grown trees. (.pdf) Functional Ecology 10:768-776.

Reich, P.B., J. Oleksyn. 2004. Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude. (.pdf) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101:11001-11006.

Reich, P.B., M.B. Walters, D.S. Ellsworth, C. Uhl. 1994. Photosynthesis-nitrogen relations in Amazonian tree species.  I. Patterns among species and communities. (.pdf) Oecologia 97:62-72.

Reich, P.B., M.B. Walters, D.S. Ellsworth, J. Vose, J. Volin, C. Gresham, W. Bowman. 1998. Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf N, SLA, and life-span: a test across biomes and functional groups. (.pdf) Oecologia 114:471-482.

Reich, P.B., M.B. Walters, D.S. Ellsworth. 1992. Leaf life-span in relation to leaf, plant and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems. (.pdf) Ecological Monographs 62:365-392.

Reich, P.B., M.D. Abrams, D.S. Ellsworth, E.L. Kruger, T.J. Tabone. 1990. Fire affects ecophysiology and community dynamics of central Wisconsin oak forest regeneration. (.pdf) Ecology 71:2179-2190.

Reich, P.B., M.G. Tjoelker, J.L. Machado J. Oleksyn. 2006. Universal Scaling of Respiratory Metabolism, Size, and Nitrogen in Plants. (.pdf) Nature 439:457-461.

Reich, P.B., P. Bolstad. 2001. Productivity of Evergreen and Deciduous Temperate Forests. In: Terrestrial Global Productivity, Chapter 11, J. Roy, B. Saugier, H. Mooney, (eds.), Academic Press. pp. 245-283.

Reich, P.B., R.G. Amundson. 1985. Ambient levels of O3 reduce net photosynthesis in tree and crop species. (.pdf) Science 230:566-570.

Reich, P.B., S.E. Hobbie, T. Lee, D.S. Ellsworth, J.B. West, D. Tilman, J.M.H. Knops, S. Naeem, J. Trost. 2006. Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to CO2. (.pdf) Nature 440:922-925.

Reich, P.B., Walters, M.B., Tjoelker, M.G., Vanderklein, D., Buschena, C. 1998. Photosynthesis and respiration rates depend on leaf and root morphology and nitrogen concentration in nine boreal tree species differing in relative growth rate (.pdf) Functional Ecology 12:395-405.

Reich, P.B. 1995.  Phenology of tropical forests: patterns, causes and consequence. (.pdf) Canadian Journal of Botany 73:164-174.

Rich, R.L., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2007. Wind-throw mortality in the southern boreal forest: effects of species, diameter and stand age. (.pdf) Journal of Ecology 95:1261-1273.

Rich, R., Frelich, L., Reich, P., Bauer, M. 2009. Detecting wind-disturbance severity and canopy heterogeneity in boreal forest by coupling high-spatial resolution satellite imagery and field data. Remote Sensing of Environment DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.09.005

Rodríguez-Calcerrada J., J.A. Pardos, L. Gil, P.B. Reich, I. Aranda. 2008. Light response in seedlings of a temperate (Quercus petraea) and a sub-Mediterranean species (Quercus pyrenaica): contrasting ecological strategies as potential keys to regeneration performance in mixed marginal populations. (.pdf) Plant Ecology 195(2):273-285.

Rodríguez-Calcerrada J., P.B. Reich, E. Rosenqvist, J.A. Pardos, F.J. Cano, I. Aranda. 2008. Leaf physiological versus morphological acclimation to high-light
exposure at different stages of foliar development in oak (.pdf) Tree Physiology 28: 761-771.

Shipley, B., M.J. Lechowicz, I. Wright, P.B. Reich. 2006. Fundamental tradeoffs generating the worldwide leaf economics spectrum. (.pdf) Ecology 87(3):535–541.

Schnitzer, S.A., R.A. Londre, Klironomos, P.B. Reich. 2008. Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2: Comment. (.pdf) Ecology 89(2):581-585.

Souto, C.P., A.C. Premoli, P.B. Reich. 2009. Leaf trait variation in Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) is shaped by complex Patagonian physiographic gradients. (.pdf) Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 82:209-222 .

Tilman, D., J. Knops, D. Wedin, P. Reich. 2002. Experimental and observational studies of diversity, productivity and Stability. In A. Kinzig, D. Tilman and S. Pacala, (eds.), Functional Consequences of Biodiversity: Empirical Progress and Theoretical Extensions. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. pp. 42-70.

Tilman, D., P. Reich, D. Peterson, H. Phillips, M. Mentor, A. Patel, E. Vose, J. Knops. 2000. Fire suppression and ecosystem carbon storage. (.pdf) Ecology 81:2680-2685.

Tilman, D., P. Reich, J. Knops, D. Wedin, T. Mielke, and C. Lehman. 2001. Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. (.pdf) Science 294:843-845.

Tilman, D., P.B. Reich, J.H.M. Knops. 2007. Diversity and stability in plant communities (Reply). (.pdf) Nature 446:E6-E8.

Tjoelker M.G., J. Oleksyn, P.B. Reich, R. Żytkowiak. 2008. Coupling of respiration, nitrogen, and sugars underlies convergent temperature acclimation in Pinus banksiana across wide-ranging sites and populations. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 14:782-797.

Tjoelker, M.G., Oleksyn, J., Lorenc-Plucinska, G., Reich, P.B. 2008. Acclimation of respiratory temperature responses in northern and southern populations of Pinus banksiana. New Phytologist doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02624.x

Tjoelker, M., J. M. Craine, D. Wedin, P. B. Reich, D. Tilman. 2005. Linking leaf and root trait syndromes among 39 grassland and savannah species. (.pdf) New Phytologist 167:493-508.

Tjoelker, M.G., J. Oleksyn, P.B. Reich. 1998. Seedlings of five boreal tree species differ in acclimation of net photosynthesis to elevated CO2 and temperature. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 18:715-726.

Tjoelker, M.G., J. Oleksyn, P.B. Reich. 1998. Temperature and ontogeny mediate growth response to elevated CO2 in seedlings of five boreal tree species. (.pdf) New Phytologist 140:197-210.

Tjoelker, M.G., J. Oleksyn, P.B. Reich. 1999. Acclimation of respiration to temperature and CO2 in seedlings of boreal tree species in relation to plant size and relative growth rate. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 5:679-692.

Tjoelker, M.G., J. Oleksyn, P.B. Reich. 2001. Modeling respiration of vegetation: evidence for a general temperature-dependent Q10. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 7:223-230.

Tjoelker, M.G., J. Oleksyn, T. Lee, P.B. Reich. 2001. Direct inhibition of leaf dark respiration by elevated CO2 is minor in 12 grassland species. (.pdf) New Phytologist 150:419-424.

Tjoelker, M.G., P.B. Reich, J. Oleksyn. 1999. Changes in leaf nitrogen and carbohydrates underlie temperature and CO2 acclimation of dark respiration in five boreal tree species. (.pdf) Plant, Cell & Environment 22:767-778.

Trocha, L., J. Oleksyn, P.B. Reich. 2007. Living on the edge: Ecology of an incipient Betula-fungal community growing on brick walls. (.pdf) Trees 21:239-247.

Vanderklein, D.W., P.B. Reich. 2000.  European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation. (.pdf) Tree Physiology 20:283-287.

Vanderklein, D.W., P.B. Reich.  1999.  The effect of defoliation intensity and history on photosynthesis, growth and carbon reserves of two conifers with contrasting leaf lifespans and growth habits. (.pdf) New Phytologist 144:121-132.

Volin, J.C., P.B. Reich, T.G. Givnish. 1998. Elevated carbon dioxide ameliorates the effects of ozone on photosynthesis and growth: species respond similarly regardless of photosynthetic pathway or plant functional group. (.pdf) New Phytologist 138:315-325.

Volin, J.C., P.B. Reich. 1996. Interaction of carbon dioxide and ozone on C3 and C4 grasses and trees under contrasting nutrient supply. Physiologia Plantarum 97:674-684.

West J.B., J. HilleRisLambers, T.D. Lee, S.E. Hobbie, P.B. Reich. 2005. Legume species identity and soil nitrogen supply determine symbiotic nitrogen-fixation responses to elevated atmospheric CO2. (.pdf) New Phytologist 167:523-530.

Westoby, M., P. Reich, D. Wharton. 2000. The time value of leaf area. (.pdf) American Naturalist 155:649-656.

Withington, J.M., P.B. Reich, J. Oleksyn, D.M. Eissenstat. 2006. Comparisons of structure and life span in roots and leaves among temperate trees. (.pdf) Ecological Monographs 76:381-397.

Withington J.M., A.D. Elkin, B. Bulaj, J. Olesinski, K.N. Tracy, T.J. Bouma, J. Oleksyn, L.J. Anderson, J. Modrzynski, P.B. Reich, D.M. Eissenstat. 2003. The impact of material for minirhizotron tubes for root research. (.pdf) New Phytologist 160:1-12.

Wolf, J., N.C. Johnson, D.L. Rowland, P.B. Reich. 2003. Elevated CO2 and plant species richness impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities. (.pdf) New Phytologist 157:579-588. 

Worm K.A., T.D. Lee, P.B. Reich. 2004. Variation in plant photosynthetic and biomass responses to species richness, CO2 and N: Role of unique functional attributes. The Ecological Society of America 89th Annual Meeting Abstracts; August 1-6, 2004, Portland, OR. Washington D.C.: The Ecological Society of America. Portland, OR. Washington D.C.: The Ecological Society of America.

Wright I. J., P.B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch, J. Cavender-Bares, T. Chapin, H. Cornelissen, M. Diemer, E. Garnier, J. Gulias, K. Hikosaka, B. Lamont. 2004. The leaf economics spectrum worldwide. (.pdf) Nature 428:821-827.

Wright I.J., Reich P.B., Cornelissen J.H.C., Falser, D.S., Garnier, E., Hikosaka K., Lamont, B.B., Lee, W., Oleksyn J., Osada, N., Poorter H., Villar, R., Warton, D.I., Westoby M. 2005. Assessing the generality of global leaf trait relationships. (.pdf) New Phytologist 166:485-496.

Wright I.J., Reich P.B., Cornelissen J.H.C., Falser, D.S., Groom P.K., Hikosaka K., Lee W., Lusk C.H., Niinemets Ü., Oleksyn J., Osada N., Poorter H., Warton, D.I., Westoby M. 2005. Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate. (.pdf) Global Ecology and Biogeography 14:411-421.

Wright, I.J., P.B. Reich, O.H. Atkin, C.H. Lusk, M.G. Tjoelker, M. Westoby. 2006. Irradiance, temperature and rainfall influence leaf respiration costs of woody plants: evidence from comparisons across 20 sites. (.pdf) New Phytologist 169:309–319.

Wright, J.P., S. Naeem, A. Hector, C. Lehman, P.B. Reich, B. Schmid, D. Tilman. 2006. Conventional functional classification schemes underestimate the relationship with ecosystem functioning. (.pdf) Ecology Letters 9(2):111-120.

Wythers, K.R.., P.B. Reich, M.G. Tjoelker, P.B. Bolstad. 2005. Foliar respiration acclimation to temperature and temperature variable Q10 alter ecosystem carbon balance. (.pdf) Global Change Biology 11:435-449.